The Terezín Memorial was established in 1947 on the initiative of the government of Czechoslovakia as a "Memorial of National Suffering"; today it is the only institution of its kind in the Czech Republic. Originally built as a fortress town, from 1941 to 1945 Terezín (referred to in German as Theresienstadt) served as a concentration camp. About a kilometre outside the town is the Small Fortress, which was used as a Gestapo prison. The memorial is a monument to the tens of thousands of people who fell victim to racial and political persecution by the National Socialists. At the same time it is dedicated to research and education. The following buildings and places of remembrance are open to visitors: small fortress with national cemetery, ghetto museum, Magdeburg barracks, prayer room dating from the ghetto period, Jewish cemetery with crematorium, Russian cemetery, cemetery for Soviet soldiers, commemorative plaque at the railway branch line, memorial on the Ohře, columbarium with a section of the fortress wall, burial room and central mortuary.

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